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Exchange Information Implementation Guide Professional Development Resource Room Project Team Main Resource Room Home Heart Failure Resource Room

Literature Review

Current Pieces

Relation of Disease Pathogenesis and Risk Factors to Heart Failure With Preserved or Reduced Ejection Fraction: Insights From the Framingham Heart Study of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
Lee DS, Gona P, Vasan RS, Larson MG, Benjamin EJ, Wang TJ, Tu JV, Levy D. Circulation: Heart Failure. 2009; 119: 3070–3077. View Article

State of the Science: Promoting Self-Care in Persons With Heart Failure: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Barbara Riegel, Debra K. Moser, Stefan D. Anker, Lawrence J. Appel, et al. Circulation: Heart Failure. 2009; 120:1141-1163. View Article

MADIT-CRT — Breathtaking or Time to Catch Our Breath?
Mariell Jessup. N Engl J Med 2009; 361:1394-1396. View Article

Prognosis on Chronic Dobutamine or Milrinone Infusions for Stage D Heart Failure
Eiran Z. Gorodeski, MD, MPH; Eric C. Chu, BS; Jennifer R. Reese, BSN, RN; Mehdi H. Shishehbor, DO, MPH; Eileen Hsich, MD and Randall C. Starling, MD, MPH. Circulation: Heart Failure. 2009;2:320-324. View Article

Use of Aldosterone Antagonists in Heart Failure
Nancy M. Albert; Clyde W. Yancy; Li Liang; et al. JAMA. 2009;302(15):1658-1665. View Article

Cardiac Troponin and Outcome in Acute Heart Failure
W. Frank Peacock IV, Teresa De Marco, Gregg C. Fonarow, Deborah Diercks, Janet Wynne, Fred S. Apple, Alan H.B. Wu. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2008;358:2117-2126. View Article

Early Vasoactive Drugs Improve Heart Failure Outcomes
Peacock WF, Emerman C, Costanzo MR, Diercks DB, Lopatin M, Fonarow GC. Congest Heart Fail. 2009;15(6):256-64. View Article

Hospitalizations after heart failure diagnosis. A community perspective.
Dunlay SM, Redfield MM, Weston SA, et al. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;54:1695-702. PMID: 19850209

A meta-analysis of remote monitoring of heart failure patients.
Klersy C, De Silvestri A, Gabutti G, Regoli F, Auricchio A. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;54:1683-94. PMID: 19850208

Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of statins versus placebo in patients with heart failure. Lipinski MJ, Cauthen CA, Biondi-Zoccai GG, et al. Am J Cardiol. 2009;104:1708-16. PMID: 19962481

Aldosterone blockade and left ventricular dysfunction: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials.
Ezekowitz JA, McAlister FA. Eur Heart J. 2009;30:469-77. PMID: 19066207

Effect of moderate or intensive disease management program on outcome in patients with heart failure: Coordinating Study Evaluating Outcomes of Advising and Counseling in Heart Failure (COACH).
Jaarsma T, van der Wal MH, Lesman-Leegte I, Luttik ML, Hogenhuis J, Veeger NJ, et al. Arch Intern Med. 2008 Feb 11;168:316-24. PMID: 18268174

Ferric carboxymaltose in patients with heart failure and iron deficiency.
Anker SD, Comin Colet J, Filippatos G, et al. N Engl J Med. 2009;361:2436-48. PMID: 19920054

Improving the diagnosis of acute heart failure using a validated prediction model.
Steinhart B, Thorpe KE, Bayoumi AM, et al. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;54:1515-21. PMID: 19815122

Amiodarone for the prevention of sudden cardiac death: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Piccini JP, Berger JS, O’Connor CM. Eur Heart J. 2009;30:1245-53. PMID: 19336434

Effects of care coordination on hospitalization, quality of care, and health care expenditures among Medicare beneficiaries: 15 randomized trials.
Peikes D, Chen A, Schore J, Brown R. JAMA. 2009;301:603-18. PMID: 19211468

Trends in length of stay and short-term outcomes among Medicare patients hospitalized for heart failure, 1993-2006.
Bueno H, Ross JS, Wang Y, Chen J, et al. JAMA 2010 Jun 2; 303:2141. PMID: 20516414

Relationship between early physician follow-up and 30-day readmission among Medicare beneficiaries hospitalized for heart failure.
Hernandez AF, Greiner MA, Fonarow GC. JAMA. 2010 May 5;303(17):1716-22. PMID: 20442387

B-type natriuretic peptide-guided heart failure therapy: A meta-analysis.
Porapakkham P,  Zimmet H, Billah B. Arch Intern Med. 2010 Mar 22;170(6):507-14. PMID: 20308637

Hospitalizations after heart failure diagnosis a community perspective.
Dunlay SM, Redfield MM, Weston SA. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009 Oct 27;54(18):1695-702. PMID: 19850209

Ferric carboxymaltose in patients with heart failure and iron deficiency.
Anker SD, Comin Colet J, Filippatos G  FAIR-HF Trial Investigators.N Engl J Med. 2009 Dec 17;361(25):2436-48. PMID: 19920054

Advanced heart failure treated with continuous-flow left ventricular assist device.
Slaughter MS, Rogers JG, Milano CA,  HeartMate II Investigators. N Engl J Med. 2009 Dec 3;361(23):2241-51. PMID: 19920051

Hospital at home for elderly patients with acute decompensation of chronic heart failure: a prospective randomized controlled trial.
Tibaldi V, Isaia G, Scarafiotti C. Arch Intern Med. 2009 Sep 28;169(17):1569-75. PMID: 19786675

Albuminuria in chronic heart failure: prevalence and prognostic importance.
Jackson CE, Solomon SD, Gerstein HCCHARM Investigators and Committees. Lancet. 2009 Aug 15;374(9689):543-50. PMID: 19683640

Meta-analysis: beta-blocker dose, heart rate reduction, and death in patients with heart failure.
McAlister FA, Wiebe N, Ezekowitz JA. Ann Intern Med. 2009 Jun 2;150(11):784-94. PMID: 19487713

Increased mortality and cardiovascular morbidity associated with use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in chronic heart failure.
Gislason GH, Rasmussen JN, Abildstrom SZ. Arch Intern Med. 2009 Jan 26;169(2):141-9. PMID: 19171810

BNP-guided vs symptom-guided heart failure therapy: the Trial of Intensified vs Standard Medical Therapy in Elderly Patients With Congestive Heart Failure (TIME-CHF) randomized trial.
Pfisterer M, Buser P, Rickli H, JAMA. 2009 Jan 28;301(4):383-92. PMID: 19176440

Mental disorders, quality of care, and outcomes among older patients hospitalized with heart failure: an analysis of the national heart failure project.
Rathore SS, Wang Y, Druss BG. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2008 Dec;65(12):1402-8. PMID: 19047527

Cost-effectiveness of nurse-led disease management for heart failure in an ethnically diverse urban community.
Hebert PL, Sisk JE, Wang JJ. Ann Intern Med. 2008 Oct 21;149(8):540-8. PMID: 18936502

The hemoglobin A1c level as a progressive risk factor for cardiovascular death, hospitalization for heart failure, or death in patients with chronic heart failure: an analysis of the Candesartan in Heart failure: Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and Morbidity (CHARM) program.
Gerstein HC, Swedberg K, Carlsson J. Arch Intern Med. 2008 Aug 11;168(15):1699-704. PMID: 18695086
 
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation for the treatment of heart failure: mechanisms and clinical potential.
Duda MK, O'Shea KM, Stanley WC. Cardiovasc Res. 2009 Oct 1;84(1):33-41. PMID: 19474179

Statistical models and patient predictors of readmission for heart failure: a systematic review.
Ross JS, Mulvey GK, Stauffer B Arch Intern Med. 2008 Jul 14;168(13):1371-86. (Review)  PMID: 18625917

Cardiac troponin and outcome in acute heart failure.
Peacock WF 4th, De Marco T, Fonarow GC. ADHERE Investigators. N Engl J Med. 2008 May 15;358(20):2117-26. PMID: 18480204

Characterization and prognostic value of persistent hyponatremia in patients with severe heart failure in the ESCAPE Trial.
Gheorghiade M, Rossi JS, Cotts W Arch Intern Med. 2007 Oct 8;167(18):1998-2005. PMID: 17923601

Association between performance measures and clinical outcomes for patients hospitalized with heart failure.
Fonarow GC, Abraham WT, Albert NM. OPTIMIZE-HF Investigators and Hospitals. JAMA. 2007 Jan 3;297(1):61-70. PMID: 17200476

Quality of life with defibrillator therapy or amiodarone in heart failure.
Mark DB, Anstrom KJ, Sun JL, et al. N Engl J Med. 2008 Sep 4;359(10):999-1008. (Original) PMID: 18768943

Anemia and mortality in heart failure patients a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Groenveld HF, Januzzi JL, Damman K, et al. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008 Sep 2;52(10):818-27. (Review) PMID: 18755344

The effects of angiotensin-receptor blockers on mortality and morbidity in heart failure: a systematic review.
Shibata MC, Tsuyuki RT, Wiebe N. Int J Clin Pract. 2008 Sep;62(9):1397-402. (Review) PMID: 18793376

Irbesartan in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction.
Massie BM et al. for the I-PRESERVE Investigators. N Engl J Med 2008 Nov 11; [e-pub ahead of print]. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa0805450 Accessed February 27, 2009.

Statistical models and patient predictors of readmission for heart failure: a systematic review.
Ross JS, Mulvey GK, Stauffer B, et al. Arch Intern Med. 2008 Jul 14;168(13):1371-86. (Review) PMID: 18625917

Rhythm control versus rate control for atrial fibrillation and heart failure.
Roy D, Talajic M, Nattel S, et al. N Engl J Med. 2008 Jun 19;358(25):2667-77. (Original) PMID: 18565859

Risk stratification for recurrent heart failure in patients post-myocardial infarction with electrocardiographic and echocardiographic left atrial abnormality.
Ariyarajah V, Malinski M, Zieroth S, et al. Am J Cardiol. 2008 May 15;101(10):1373-8. Epub 2008 Mar 17. (Original) PMID: 18471444

Effect of different angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors on mortality among elderly patients with congestive heart failure.
Pilote L, Abrahamowicz M, Eisenberg M, et al. CMAJ. 2008 May 6;178(10):1303-11. (Original) PMID: 18458262

Acutely decompensated heart failure in a county emergency department: a double-blind randomized controlled comparison of nesiritide versus placebo treatment.
Miller AH, Nazeer S, Pepe P, et al. Ann Emerg Med. 2008 May;51(5):571-8. Epub 2008 Mar 4. (Original) PMID: 18304693

Pharmacist care of patients with heart failure: a systematic review of randomized trials.
Koshman SL, Charrois TL, Simpson SH, et al. Arch Intern Med. 2008 Apr 14;168(7):687-94. (Review) PMID: 18413550

Randomized controlled trial of an implantable continuous hemodynamic monitor in patients with advanced heart failure: the COMPASS-HF study.
Bourge RC, Abraham WT, Adamson PB, et al. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008 Mar 18;51(11):1073-9. (Original) PMID: 18342224

Effect of moderate or intensive disease management program on outcome in patients with heart failure: Coordinating Study Evaluating Outcomes of Advising and Counseling in Heart Failure (COACH).
Jaarsma T, van der Wal MH, Lesman-Leegte I, et al. Arch Intern Med. 2008 Feb 11;168(3):316-24. (Original) PMID: 18268174

Impact of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on long-term outcome of patients hospitalized for heart failure.
Rusinaru D, Saaidi I, Godard S, et al.Am J Cardiol. 2008 Feb 1;101(3):353-8. Epub 2007 Dec 21. (Original) PMID: 18237599

Prognosis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a 5 year prospective population-based study.
Tribouilloy C, Rusinaru D, Mahjoub H, et al. Eur Heart J. 2008 Feb;29(3):339-47. Epub 2007 Dec 22. (Original) PMID: 18156618

Validation of the Acute Heart Failure Index.
Hsieh M, Auble TE, Yealy DM. Ann Emerg Med. 2008 Jan;51(1):37-44. Epub 2007 Nov 28. (Original) PMID: 18045736

A randomized controlled trial of a community nurse-supported hospital discharge programme in older patients with chronic heart failure.
Kwok T, Lee J, Woo J, et al. J Clin Nurs. 2008 Jan;17(1):109-17. (Original) PMID: 18088263

Influence of beta-blocker continuation or withdrawal on outcomes in patients hospitalized with heart failure: Findings from the OPTIMIZE-HF program.
Fonarow GC et al. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008 Jul 15; 52:190.

Rhythm control versus rate control for atrial fibrillation and heart failure.
Roy D et al. N Engl J Med 2008 Jun 19; 358. PMID: 18565859

Cardiac troponin and outcome in acute heart failure.
Peacock WF IV et al. N Engl J Med 2008 May 15; 358:2117. PMID: 18480204

Safety and efficacy of outpatient nesiritide in patients with advanced heart failure: Results of the Second Follow-Up Serial Infusions of Nesiritide (FUSION II) trial.
Yancy CW et al. for the FUSION II Investigators. Circ Heart Fail 2008 May; 1:9.

Comparative Effectiveness of Different β-Adrenergic Antagonists on Mortality Among Adults With Heart Failure in Clinical Practice
Go AS, Yang  J, Gurwitz JH, Hsu J, Lane K, Platt R. Arch Intern Med. 2008;168(22):2415-2421. PMID: 19064823

Comparative Effectiveness of β-Blockers in Elderly Patients With Heart Failure
Kramer J, Curtis LH , Dupree, CS, Pelter D, Hernandez A, Massing, M, Anstrom, KJ.
Arch Intern Med. 2008;168(22):2422-2428.   PMID: 19064824

Noninvasive ventilation outcomes in 2,430 acute decompensated heart failure patients: an ADHERE Registry Analysis.
Tallman TA, Peacock WF, Emerman CL, et, al. Acad Emerg Med. 2008 Apr;15(4):355-62. ADHERE Registry. PMID: 18370990

Thiazolidinediones and heart failure: A teleo-analysis.
Singh S, Loke YK, Furberg CD. Diabetes Care. 2007;30:2148-53. PubMed ID: 17536074

In patients with type 2 diabetes, what is the risk for heart failure (HF) associated with thiazolidinediones (TZDs)?

Cardiac resynchronization therapy for patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction: a systematic review.
McAlister FA, Ezekowitz J, Hooton N, et al. JAMA. 2007;297:2502-14. PubMed ID: 17565085

In patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD), what is the efficacy and safety of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT)?

Impact of nesiritide on renal function in patients with acute decompensated heart failure and pre-existing renal dysfunction a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.
Witteles RM, Kao D, Christopherson D, Matsuda K, Vagelos RH, Schreiber D, et al. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007 Nov 6;50:1835-40. PubMed ID: 17980248

Intravenous iron reduces NT-pro-brain natriuretic peptide in anemic patients with chronic heart failure and renal insufficiency.
Toblli JE, Lombraña A, Duarte P, Di Gennaro F. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007 Oct 23;50:1657-65. PubMed ID: 17950147

Carvedilol protects better against vascular events than metoprolol in heart failure: results from COMET.
Remme WJ, Torp-Pedersen C, Cleland JG, Poole-Wilson PA, Metra M, Komajda M, et al. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007 Mar 6;49:963-71. PubMed ID: 17336720

Ultrafiltration versus intravenous diuretics for patients hospitalized for acute decompensated heart failure.
Costanzo MR, Guglin ME, Saltzberg MT, Jessup ML, Bart BA, Teerlink JR, et al. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007 Feb 13;49:675-83. PubMed ID: 17291932

Rosuvastatin in older patients with systolic heart failure.
Kjekshus J, Apetrei E, Barrios V, Böhm M, Cleland JG, Cornel JH, et al. N Engl J Med. 2007 Nov 29;357:2248-61. PubMed ID: 17984166

Results of the Organized Program to Initiate Lifesaving Treatments in Hospitalized Patients With Heart Failure (OPTIMIZE-HF) Fonarow GC, Abraham WT, Albert NM, et. al. Influence of a Performance-Improvement Initiative on Quality of Care for Patients Hospitalized with Heart Failure Archives of Internal Medicine. 2007 July 23: 167: 1493-1502.

Metoprolol reverses left ventricular remodeling in patients with asymptomatic systolic dysfunction: the Reversal of Ventricular Remodeling with Toprol-XL (REVERT) trial.Colucci WS, Kolias TJ, Adams KF, REVERT Study Group. Circulation. 2007 July 3;116(1):49-56. PMID: 17576868

Effect of Angiotensin Receptor Blockade and Antihypertensive Drugs on Diastolic Function in Patients With Hypertension and Diastolic Dysfunction: A Randomised Trial.Solomon SD, Janardhanan R, Verma A, et al., on behalf of the Valsartan In Diastolic Dysfunction (VALIDD) Investigators. Lancet. 2007;369:2079-2087. PMID: 17586303

Sex Differences in Clinical Characteristics and Prognosis in a Broad Spectrum of Patients With Heart Failure: Results of the Candesartan in Heart failure: Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and Morbidity (CHARM) Program.
Meara E, Clayton T, McEntegart MB, et al. Circulation. 2007;115:3111-3120. PMID: 17562950

Glucose Levels Predict Hospitalization for Congestive Heart Failure in Patients at High Cardiovascular Risk.
Held C, Gerstein HC, Yusuf S, et al., on behalf of the ONTARGET/TRANSCEND Investigators. Circulation. 2007;115:1371-1375. PMID: 17339550

 

Classic Pieces

Table of Contents

Etiology

Outcome of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in a population-based study.
Bhatia RS et al.N Engl J Med 2006 Jul 20; 355:260-9. PMID: 16855266

Diastolic dysfunction was predictive of all-cause mortality
Redfield MM, Jacobsen SJ, Burnett JC Jr., et al. Burden of systolic and diastolic ventricular dysfunction in the community: appreciating the scope of the heart failure epidemic. JAMA. 2003;289:194-202. [PubMed ID: 12517230 ]

Viral Cardiomyopathy
Kearney MT, Cotton JM, et al. Viral myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy: mechanisms, manifications, and management. Postgraduate medical Journal. 2001; 77; 4-10.

Understanding diastolic heart failure
Dostal DE, and Watson LE. Understanding diastolic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: choosing the right model. Hypertension. 2006; 47; 830-832.

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Diagnosis

Clinical presentation/physical exam

The Valsalva maneuver: A bedside "biomarker" for heart failure.
Felker GM et al. Am J Med 2006 Feb; 119:117-22. PMID: 16443410

The diagnosis of heart failure
Mauro Di Bari, MD, PhD, Claudia Pozzi, MD, Maria Chiara Cavallini, MD, PhD Comparative validation of four sets of criteria in unselected older adults. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2004; 44:1601-1608

Review: Subtle clinical findings can detect left-sided heart failure in adults
Badgett RG, Lucey CR, Mulrow CD. Can the clinical examination diagnose left-sided heart failure in adults? JAMA. 1997 Jun 4;277:1712-9. [PubMed ID: 9169900 ]

BNP

Electrocardiography, BNP, and N terminal-pro BNP are more sensitive than specific for chronic left ventricular systolic dysfunction
Davenport C, Cheng EY, Kwok YT, et al. Assessing the diagnostic test accuracy of natriuretic peptides and ECG in the diagnosis of left ventricular systolic dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Gen Pract. 2006;56:48-56. [PubMed ID: 16438815]

Chest radiographs and BNP levels provided complementary information beyond clinical findings for diagnosing heart failure
Knudsen CW, Omland T, Clopton P, et al. Diagnostic value of B-type natriuretic peptide and chest radiographic findings in patients with acute dyspnea. Am J Med. 2004;116:363-8. [PubMed ID: 15006584 ]

BNP levels had high sensitivity but moderate specificity for detecting congestive heart failure in the emergency department
Maisel AS, Krishnaswamy P, Nowak RM, et al., for the Breathing Not Properly Multinational Study Investigators. Rapid measurement of B-type natriuretic peptide in the emergency diagnosis of heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2002;347:161-7. [PubMed ID: 12124404 ]

Rapid measurement of B-type natriuretic peptides reduced time to discharge and treatment costs in patients with acute dyspnea
Mueller C, Scholer A, Laule-Kilian K, et al. Use of B-type natriuretic peptide in the evaluation and management of acute dyspnea. N Engl J Med. 2004;350:647-54. [PubMed ID: 14960741 ]

Echocardiography

Doppler echocardiography was more accurate than B-type natriuretic peptide assay for detecting CHF in acute dyspnea
Logeart D, Saudubray C, Beyne P, et al. Comparative value of Doppler echocardiography and B-type natriuretic peptide assay in the etiologic diagnosis of acute dyspnea. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002;40:1794-800. [PubMed ID: 12446063 ]

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Prognosis

Prevalence and prognostic significance of heart failure stages: Application of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association heart failure staging criteria in the community.
Ammar KA et al. Circulation 2007 Mar 27;115(12):1563-70. Epub 2007 Mar 12. PMID: 17353436

Incidence, mortality, and racial differences in peripartum cardiomyopathy.
Brar SS, Khan SS, Sandhu GK, et al. Am J Cardiol. 2007 Jul 15;100(2):302-4. Epub 2007 Jun 6. (Original) PMID: 17631087

Heart failure, chronic diuretic use, and increase in mortality and hospitalization: an observational study using propensity score methods.
Ahmed A, Husain A, Love TE, Gambassi G, Dell'Italia LJ, Francis GS, et al. Eur Heart J. 20. PMID: 16709595

Prediction of survival in heart failure
Levy WC, Mozaffarian D, Linker DT, Sutradhar SC, Anker SD, Cropp AB, et al. The Seattle Heart Failure Model:Circulation. 2006 Mar 21;113:1424-33. [PubMed ID: 16534009]

Impact of cardiac conditions and co-morbidities on heart failure outcome
Senni M, Santilli G, Parrella P, De Maria R, Alari G, Berzuini C, et al. A novel prognostic index to determine the impact of cardiac conditions and co-morbidities on one-year outcome in patients with heart failure. Am J Cardiol. 2006 Oct 15;98:1076-82. [PubMed ID: 17027575]

Renal impairment and outcomes in heart failure
Smith GL, Lichtman JH, Bracken MB, Shlipak MG, Phillips CO, DiCapua P, et al. systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006 May 16;47:1987-96. [PubMed ID: 16697315]

Glucose and haemoglobin in the assessment of prognosis of heart failure
Newton JD, Squire IB. Glucose and haemoglobin in the assessment of prognosis after first hospitalisation for heart failure. Heart. 2006 Oct ;92:1441-6. [PubMed ID: 16621876]

Renal function as a predictor of outcome in patients with heart failure
Hillege, HL, Nitsch, D, Pfeffer, MA, et al. Renal function as a predictor of outcome in a broad spectrum of patients with heart failure. Circulation 2006; 113:671.

New York Heart Association classes and mortality and hospitalization in heart failure with preserved left ventricular function
Ahmed, A, Aronow, WS, Fleg, JL. Higher New York Heart Association classes and increased mortality and hospitalization in patients with heart failure and preserved left ventricular function. Am Heart J 2006; 151:444

1-year mortality after first hospitalization for heart failure was similar in patients with preserved or reduced ejection fraction
Bhatia RS, Tu JV, Lee DS, et al. Outcome of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in a population-based study. N Engl J Med. 2006;355:260-9. [PubMed ID: 16855266]

Review: B-type natriuretic peptide consistently predicts death and cardiovascular events in heart failure
Doust JA, Pietrzak E, Dobson A, Glasziou PP. How well does B-type natriuretic peptide predict death and cardiac events in patients with heart failure: systematic review . BMJ. 2005;330:625. [PubMed ID: 16134927]

A clinical prediction model predicted 30-day and 1-year mortality in patients hospitalized for heart failure
Lee DS, Austin PC, Rouleau JL, et al. Predicting mortality among patients hospitalized for heart failure: derivation and validation of a clinical model. JAMA. 2003;290:2581-7. [PubMed ID: 15122843]

Acute precipitants of congestive heart failure exacerbations
Tsuyuki RT, McKelvie RS, Arnold JM, et al. Acute precipitants of congestive heart failure exacerbations. Arch Intern Med 2001;161:2337-42.

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Clinical Prediction Guides

A risk stratification tool predicted in-hospital mortality in acute decompensated heart failure
Fonarow GC, Adams KF Jr., Abraham WT, Yancy CW, Boscardin WJ. Risk stratification for in-hospital mortality in acutely decompensated heart failure: classification and regression tree analysis. JAMA. 2005;293:572-80. [PubMed ID: 15687312 ]

Validation of the Seattle Heart Failure Model in a community-based heart failure population and enhancement by adding B-type natriuretic peptide.
May HT, Horne BD, Levy WC, et al.  Am J Cardiol. 2007 Aug 15;100(4):697-700. Epub 2007 Jun 26. (Original) PMID: 17697831

Comparison of four clinical prediction rules for estimating risk in heart failure.
Auble TE, Hsieh M, McCausland JB, et al. Ann Emerg Med. 2007 Aug;50(2):127-35, 135.e1-2. Epub 2007 Apr 20. (Original) PMID: 17449141

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Therapeutics


ACE-I

The prevention of heart failure--a new agenda
The SAVE Investigators. Effect of captopril on mortality and morbidity in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1992;327:669-77.

The prevention of heart failure--a new agenda
The SOLVD Investigators. Effect of enalapril on mortality and the development of heart failure in asymptomatic patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions. N Engl J Med 1992;327:685-91.

High-dose lisinopril was more effective than low-dose for reducing combined mortality and cardiovascular events in CHF
Packer M, Poole-Wilson PA, Armstrong PW, et al., on behalf of the ATLAS Study Group. Comparative effects of low and high doses of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, lisinopril, on morbidity and mortality in chronic heart failure. Circulation. 1999 Dec 7;100:2312-8. [PubMed ID: 10587334 ]

Review: Concomitant aspirin use does not reduce the effectiveness of ACE inhibitors
Teo KK, Yusuf S, Pfeffer M, et al. Effects of long-term treatment with angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors in the presence or absence of aspirin: a systematic review. Lancet. 2002;360:1037-43. [PubMed ID: 12383982 ]

ACE inhibitors reduce mortality and hospitalization in congestive heart failure
Garg R, Yusuf S, for the Collaborative Group on ACE Inhibitor Trials. Overview of randomized trials of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors on mortality and morbidity in patients with heart failure. JAMA. 1995. [PubMed ID:7654275] 


ARB

Adverse effects of combination angiotensin II receptor blockers plus angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors for left ventricular dysfunction: a quantitative review of data from randomized clinical trials.
Phillips CO, Kashani A, Ko DK, Francis G, Krumholz HM. Arch Intern Med. 2007;167:1930-6. PubMed ID: 17923591

Candesartan reduced cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in chronic heart failure with low ejection fraction
Young JB, Dunlap ME, Pfeffer MA, et al. Mortality and morbidity reduction with candesartan in patients with chronic heart failure and left ventricular systolic dysfunction: results of the CHARM low-left ventricular ejection fraction trials. Circulation. 2004;110:2618-26. [PubMed ID: 15492298 ]

Effect of angiotensin receptor blockade and antihypertensive drugs on diastolic function in patients with hypertension and diastolic dysfunction: a randomised trial.
Solomon SD, Janardhanan R, Verma A, et al. Lancet. 2007 Jun 23;369(9579):2079-87. (Original) PMID: 17586303


Beta Blockers

A comparison of the effects of carvedilol and metoprolol on well-being, morbidity, and mortality (the "patient journey") in patients with heart failure: a report from the Carvedilol Or Metoprolol European Trial (COMET).
Cleland JG, Charlesworth A, Lubsen J, Swedberg K, Remme WJ, Erhardt L, et al. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006 Apr 18;47:1603-11. PubMed ID: 16630997

Carvedilol protects better against vascular events than metoprolol in heart failure: results from COMET.
Remme WJ, Torp-Pedersen C, Cleland JG, et al. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007 Mar 6;49(9):963-71. Epub 2007 Feb 20. (Original) PMID: 17336720

Controlled- and extended-release metoprolol reduced mortality in congestive heart failure
MERIT-HF Study Group. Effect of metoprolol CR/XL in chronic heart failure: Metoprolol CR/XL Randomised Intervention Trial in Congestive Heart Failure (MERIT-HF). Lancet. 1999 Jun 12;353:2001-7. [PubMed ID: 10376614 ]

Carvedilol reduced mortality and hospitalization in severe chronic heart failure
Packer M, Coats AJ, Fowler MB, et al., for the Carvedilol Prospective Randomized Cumulative Survival Study Group. Effect of carvedilol on survival in severe chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2001 May 31;344:1651-8. [PubMed ID:11386263]

Effect of carvedilol on survival in severe chronic heart failure
Packer M, Coats AJ, Fowler MB, et al. Carvedilol Prospective Randomized Cumulative Survival Study Group. N Engl J Med 2001;344:1651-8.


Aldosterone Antagonists

Spironolactone reduced mortality in severe congestive heart failure
Pitt B, Zannad F, Remme WJ, et al, for the Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study Investigators. The effect of spironolactone on morbidity and mortality in patients with severe heart failure. N Engl J Med. 1999 Sep 2;341:709-17. [PubMed ID: 10471456 ]


Diuretics

Loop diuretics in congestive heart failure: continuous infusion versus bolus injection
Salvador DR, Rey NR, Ramos GC, Punzalan FE. Continuous infusion versus bolus injection of loop diuretics in congestive heart failure. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005 ;CD003178. [PubMed ID: 16034890]


Vasodilators

Isosorbide dinitrate plus hydralazine was effective for advanced heart failure in black patients
Taylor AL, Ziesche S, Yancy C, et al. Combination of isosorbide dinitrate and hydralazine in blacks with heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2004;351:2049-57. [PubMed ID: 15533851 ]

Risk of worsening renal function with nesiritide in acutely decompensated heart failure.
Sackner-Bernstein JD, Skopicki HA, Aaronson KD. Risk of worsening renal function with nesiritide in patients with acutely decompensated heart failure. Circulation. 2005 Mar 29;111:1487-91. [PubMed ID: 15781736]

Short and long-term mortality with nesiritide
Arora RR. Venkatesh PK. Molnar J. Short and long-term mortality with nesiritide. American Heart Journal. 152(6):1084-90, 2006 Dec.
N Engl J Med. 2005;352:225-37. [PubMed ID: 15659722]


Digoxin

Effects of digoxin in diastolic heart failure
Ahmed A, Rich MW, Fleg JL, Zile MR, Young JB, Kitzman DW, et al. Effects of digoxin on morbidity and mortality in diastolic heart failure: the ancillary digitalis investigation group trial. Circulation. 2006 Aug 1;114:397-403. [PubMed ID: 16864724]

End of the oldest controversy in medicine. Are we ready to conclude the debate on digitalis?
The effect of digoxin on mortality and morbidity in patients with heart failure. The Digitalis Investigation Group. N Engl J Med 1997. Vol. 336:52532.

Digoxin reduced hospitalizations in patients with heart failure and normal sinus rhythm
The Digitalis Investigation Group. The effect of digoxin on mortality and morbidity in patients with heart failure. N Engl J Med. 1997 Feb 20;336:525-33. [PubMed ID:9036306]

Withdrawal of Digoxin after Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure
Packer M, Gheorghiade M, Young JB, et al. Withdrawal of digoxin from patients with chronic heart failure treated with angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors.
N Engl J Med. 1993 Jul 1;329:1-7. [PubMed ID:8505940]


Statins

Statins and mortality among elderly patients hospitalized with heart failure
Circulation 2006; Foody, JM, Shah, R, Galusha, D, et al. Statins and mortality among elderly patients hospitalized with heart failure . 113:1086. PMID: 16490817 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Effects of atorvastatin in nonischemic heart failure
Sola, S, Mir, MQ, Lerakis, S, et al. Atorvastatin improves left ventricular systolic function and serum markers of inflammation in nonischemic heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006; 47:332.UI: 17161057


Devices

Alternative site pacing to promote cardiac synchrony: has conventional pacing become unconventional?
Kindermann M, Hennen B, Jung J, Geisel J, Böhm M, Fröhlig G. J Am Coll Cardiol. Biventricular versus conventional right ventricular stimulation for patients with standard pacing indication and left ventricular dysfunction: the Homburg Biventricular Pacing Evaluation (HOBIPACE). 2006 May 16;47:1927-37. [PubMed ID: 16697307]

Cardiac resynchronization reduced death and hospitalization in heart failure and cardiac dyssynchrony
Cleland JG, Daubert JC, Erdmann E, et al. The effect of cardiac resynchronization on morbidity and mortality in heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2005;352:1539-49. [PubMed ID: 15753115 ]

Cardiac resynchronization therapy reduced all-cause death and hospitalization in chronic heart failure
Bristow MR, Saxon LA, Boehmer J, et al. Cardiac-resynchronization therapy with or without an implantable defibrillator in advanced chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2004;350:2140-50. [PubMed ID: 15152059 ]

A prophylactic cardioverter-defibrillator prevented sudden death from arrhythmia in nonischemic cardiomyopathy
Kadish A, Dyer A, Daubert JP, et al. Prophylactic defibrillator implantation in patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. N Engl J Med. 2004;350:2151-8. [PubMed ID: 15152060 ]

An implantable cardioverter-defibrillator but not amiodarone reduced risk for death in congestive heart failure
Bardy GH, Lee KL, Mark DB, et al. Amiodarone or an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator for congestive heart failure


Other

Sildenafil improves exercise capacity and quality of life in patients with systolic heart failure and secondary pulmonary hypertension.
Lewis GD, Shah R, Shahzad K, et al. Circulation. 2007 Oct 2;116(14):1555-62. Epub 2007 Sep 4. (Original) PMID 17785618

Prescribing amiodarone: an evidence-based review of clinical indications.
Vassallo P, Trohman RG. JAMA. 2007 Sep 19;298(11):1312-22. (Review) PMID: 17878423

Benefits and harms of antidiabetic agents in patients with diabetes and heart failure: systematic review.
Eurich DT, McAlister FA, Blackburn DF, et al. BMJ. 2007 Sep 8;335(7618):497. Epub 2007 Aug 30. (Review) PMID: 17761999

Levosimendan vs dobutamine for patients with acute decompensated heart failure: the SURVIVE Randomized Trial.  Mebazaa A, Nieminen MS, Packer M, et al. JAMA. 2007 May 2;297(17):1883-91. (Original) PMID: 17473298

Hemodynamic goals are relevant
Stevenson LW, Jemtel TH, Alt EU. Are hemodynamic goals viable in tailoring heart failure therapy? Circulation.2006;113

Amlodipine did not increase morbidity or mortality rates in severe heart failure
Packer M, O'Connor CM, Ghali JK, et al., for the Prospective Randomized Amlodipine Survival Evaluation Study Group. Effect of amlodipine on morbidity and mortality in severe chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med. 1996 Oct 10;335:1107-14. [PubMed ID: 8813041 ]

Diltiazem increased the risk for congestive heart failure in MI with reduction in ejection fraction
Goldstein RE, Boccuzzi SJ, Cruess D, Nattel S. Diltiazem increases late-onset congestive heart failure in postinfarction patients with early reduction in ejection fraction. Circulation. 1991;83:52-60. [PubMed ID:1984898]

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Discharge Planning


Specialty referral and follow-up

Randomized, controlled evaluation of short- and long-term benefits of heart failure disease management within a diverse provider network: the SPAN-CHF trial.
Kimmelstiel C, Levine D, Perry K, Patel AR, Sadaniantz A, Gorham N, et al. Circulation. 2004 Sep 14;110:1450-5. PubMed ID: 15313938

Clinical service organization for heart failure
Taylor, S. Bestall, J. Cotter, S. Falshaw, M. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 4, 2005.

Exercise based rehabilitation for heart failure
Rees, K. Taylor, RS. Singh, S. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 4, 2005.

Comprehensive discharge planning
Christopher O. Phillips; Scott M. Wright; David E. Kern. Comprehensive discharge planning with post discharge support for older patients with congestive heart failure: A Meta-analysis. JAMA. 2004;291:1358-1367.

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Home monitoring

Telemonitoring or structured telephone support programmes for patients with chronic heart failure: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Clark RA, Inglis SC, McAlister FA, et al. BMJ. 2007 May 5;334(7600):942. Epub 2007 Apr 10. (Review) PMID: 17426062

Multidisciplinary programmes can reduce hospitalisation and mortality in people with heart failure
R Holland, J Battersby, I Harvey, E Lenaghan. Systematic review of multidisciplinary interventions in heart failure. Heart, Jul 2005; 91: 899 - 906.

Further studies are needed to assess the benefits of telemonitoring and telephone support for people with heart failure. Commentary
Cleland et al. Noninvasive home telemonitoring for patients with heart failure at high risk of recurrent admission and death: the Trans-European Network-Home-Care Management System (TEN-HMS) study. J Am Coll Cardiol.2005; 45: 1654-1

Nurse telemanagement improved outcomes and reduced cost of care more than home nurse visits in chronic heart failure
Benatar D, Bondmass M, Ghitelman J, Avitall B. Outcomes of chronic heart failure. Arch Intern Med. 2003;163:347-52. [PubMed ID: 12578516 ]

A multidisciplinary, home-based intervention reduced deaths and readmissions in patients with chronic congestive heart failure
Stewart S, Marley JE, Horowitz JD. Effects of a multidisciplinary, home-based intervention on unplanned readmissions and survival among patients with chronic congestive heart failure: a randomised controlled study. Lancet. 1999 Sep 25;354:1077-83. [PubMed ID: 10509499 ]

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Palliative care

Heart failure is a condition for which both palliative care and hospice care can be appropriate
Hauptman PJ. Havranek EP. Integrating palliative care into heart failure care. Archives of Internal Medicine. 165(4):374-8, 2005

Palliative Care for Patients With Heart Failure
Steven Z. Pantilat; Anthony E. Steimle. Palliative Care for Patients With Heart Failure. JAMA, May 26, 2004; 291: 2476 - 2482.

Palliative and supportive care in advanced heart failure
Goodlin SJ. Hauptman PJ. Arnold R.et al. Consensus statement. Journal of Cardiac Failure. 10(3):200-9, 2004

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Quality Improvement

Clinical presentation, management, and in-hospital outcomes of patients admitted with acute decompensated heart failure with preserved systolic function (ADHERE)
Yancy, CW, Lopatin, M, Stevenson, LW, et al. A report from the Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Registry (ADHERE) Database. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006; 47:76.

Association between performance measures and clinical outcomes for patients hospitalized with heart failure.( OPTIMIZE-HF)
Fonarow GC. Abraham WT. Albert NM. Stough WG. Gheorghiade M. Greenberg BH. O'Connor CM. Pieper K. Sun JL. Yancy C. Young JB. OPTIMIZE-HF Investigators and Hospitals. JAMA. 297(1):61-70, 2007 Jan 3. UI: 17200476

Disease management programmes for older people with heart failure
Yu DS, Thompson DR, Lee DT. Disease management programmes for older people with heart failure: crucial characteristics which improve post-discharge outcomes. Eur Heart J. 2006 Mar ;27:596-612. [PubMed ID: 16299021]

Effects of nurse management on the quality of heart failure care in minority communities
Sisk JE, Hebert PL, Horowitz CR, McLaughlin MA, Wang JJ, Chassin MR. Effects of nurse management on the quality of heart failure care in minority communities: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2006 Aug 15;145:273-83. [PubMed ID: 16908918]

Improving outcomes in PCM
Amos AM, Jaber, WA, Russel SD. Improved outcomes in peripartum cardiomyopathy with contemporary. American Heart Journal.2006 September;152:509-513.

The role of hospitalists in the management of acute decompensated heart failure
Amin, AN, Department of Medicine, Hospitalist Program, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA. The role of hospitalists in the management of acute decompensated heart failure . Am Heart Hosp J. 2005 Spring;3(2):111-7.PMID: 15860998

Emergency department management of patients with acute decompensated heart failure
Peacock WF 4th , Emerman CL . Department of Emergency Medicine, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA. Emergency department management of patients with acute decompensated heart failure.

Organized Program to Initiate Lifesaving Treatment in Hospitalized Patients with Heart Failure (OPTIMIZE-HF): rationale and design
Fonarow GC. Abraham WT. Albert NM. Organized Program to Initiate Lifesaving Treatment in Hospitalized Patients with Heart Failure (OPTIMIZE-HF): rationale and design. Am Heart J 2004. 148(1):43-51

The Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Registry (ADHERE): opportunities to improve care of patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure
Fonarow GC. ADHERE Scientific Advisory Committee. The Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Registry (ADHERE): opportunities to improve care of patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure. Rev Cardiovasc Med. 2003; 4 Suppl 7:S21-30.

The impact of hospitalists on congestive heart failure
Lindenauer PK, Chehabeddine R, Pekow P, Fitzgerald J, Benjamin EM . Division of Healthcare Quality, Baystate Medical Center, 759 Chestnut St P-5928, Springfield, MA 01199, USA. Quality of care for patients hospitalized with heart failure: assessing the impact of hospitalists. Arch Intern Med. 2002 Jun 10;162(11):1251-6. PMID: 12038943

Racial and ethnic disparities in health care
Jencks SF, Cuerdon T, Burwen DR. Quality of medical care delivered to Medicare beneficiaries: a profile at state and national levels. JAMA. 2000; 284:1670-1676

A nurse-run program for congestive heart failure increased time to hospital readmission
Cline CM, Israelsson BY, Willenheimer RB, Broms K, Erhardt LR. Cost effective management program for heart failure reduces hospitalization. Heart. 1998 Nov;80:442-6.

Reasons physicians do not follow clinical practice guidelines
Cabana MD, Rand CS, Powe NR. [Review]. Why Don't Physicians follow clinical practice guidelines? A Framework for Improvement. JAMA. 1999; 282:1458-1465

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Heart Failure Resource Room Project Team
This resource room is supported in part by an educational grant from Scios, Inc.

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